1.A.12.1.1
Organellar chloride (anion selective) channel, p64 (outwardly rectifying) (437 aas and 1 or 2 TMSs). CLIC5 was the first chloride channel to be identified in the inner mitochondrial membrane, while CLIC4 is located predominantly in the outer mitochondrial membrane. Gururaja Rao et al. 2020 discussed the intracellular chloride channels, their roles in pathologies, such as cardiovascular, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases, and developments concerning their usage as theraputic targets in humans. The chloride intracellular channel (CLIC) protein family consists of six members in humans (Israeli 2022).  CLICs are unique due to their metamorphic property, displaying both soluble and integral membrane forms. The transmembrane conformation has been shown to give rise to ion-channel activity in vitro. CLICs have been implicated in a growing number of physiological processes in various organ systems and associated with distinct disease states. Indeed, the founding member of the family, CLIC5, was shown to be involved in hereditary deafness and various types of cancer. Ligands that inhibit or activate CLIC5 have been identified, and these may provide tools to modulate its activity,possibly ameliorating CLIC5-related pathologies (Israeli 2022).