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1.C.132.  The TseL Toxin (TseL) Family 

Comparison of multiple Vibrio cholerae strains indicated that effectors are encoded in T6SS effector modules on mobile genetic elements. Unterweger et al. 2015 identified a diverse group of chimeric T6SS adaptor proteins required for the translocation of diverse effectors encoded in modules. An example for a T6SS effector that requires T6SS adaptor protein 1 (Tap-1) is TseL found in pandemic V. cholerae O1 serogroup strains and other clinical isolates. Unterweger et al. 2015 proposed a model in which Tap-1 is required for loading TseL onto the secretion apparatus. After T6SS-mediated TseL export is completed, Tap-1 is retained in the bacterial cell to load other T6SS machines. It acts on prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic target cells (Miyata et al. 2013; Dong et al. 2013). The TseL activity is not required for T6SS activity (Liang et al. 2019). TseL, but no other effectors or physical puncture, triggers a tit-for-tat response of P. aeruginosa H1-T6SS. Although E. coli is sensitive to all periplasmically expressed effectors, P. aeruginosa is most sensitive to TseL alone. Kamal et al. 2020 identified a number of stress response pathways that confer protection against TseL.

This family belongs to the: Lipase/Toxin Superfamily.

References associated with 1.C.132 family:

Dong, T.G., B.T. Ho, D.R. Yoder-Himes, and J.J. Mekalanos. (2013). Identification of T6SS-dependent effector and immunity proteins by Tn-seq in Vibrio cholerae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 110: 2623-2628. 23362380
Kamal, F., X. Liang, K. Manera, T.T. Pei, H. Kim, L.G. Lam, A. Pun, S.J. Hersch, and T.G. Dong. (2020). Differential Cellular Response to Translocated Toxic Effectors and Physical Penetration by the Type VI Secretion System. Cell Rep 31: 107766. 32553162
Liang, X., F. Kamal, T.T. Pei, P. Xu, J.J. Mekalanos, and T.G. Dong. (2019). An onboard checking mechanism ensures effector delivery of the type VI secretion system in. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 116: 23292-23298. 31659021
Miyata, S.T., D. Unterweger, S.P. Rudko, and S. Pukatzki. (2013). Dual expression profile of type VI secretion system immunity genes protects pandemic Vibrio cholerae. PLoS Pathog 9: e1003752. 24348240
Unterweger, D., B. Kostiuk, R. Ötjengerdes, A. Wilton, L. Diaz-Satizabal, and S. Pukatzki. (2015). Chimeric adaptor proteins translocate diverse type VI secretion system effectors in Vibrio cholerae. EMBO. J. 34: 2198-2210. 26194724