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View Proteins belonging to: The Pore-forming ESAT-6 Protein (ESAT-6) Family

1.C.95 The Pore-forming ESAT-6 Protein (ESAT-6) Family

The ESX-1 secretion system (TC# 9.A.25) plays a critical role in virulence of M. tuberculosis and M. marinum. Virulent M. marinum is able to escape from the Mycobacterium-containing vacuole (MCV) into the host cell cytosol, polymerize actin, and spread from cell to cell. ESX-1 plays an essential role in M. marinum escape from the MCV.

Smith et al. (2008) provided evidence that M. marinum induces membrane pores approximately 4.5 nm in diameter, and this activity correlates with ESAT-6 secretion. Purified ESTAT-6, but not the other ESX-1-secreted proteins, is able to cause dose-dependent pore-formation in host cell membranes.

M. tuberculosis uses protein secretion systems, named 6 kDa early secretory antigenic target (ESAT6) protein family secretion (ESX) systems to export a set of effector proteins that help the pathogen resist or evade the host immune response (Gröschel et al. 2016). Since the discovery of the esx loci during the M. tuberculosis H37Rv genome project, structural biology, cell biology and evolutionary analyses have been conducted. Gröschel et al. 2016 reviewed roles that these studies have revealed for ESX systems in bacterial survival and pathogenicity during infection with M. tuberculosis. They discuss the diversity of ESX systems that have been described among mycobacteria and selected non-mycobacterial species.

The reaction catalyzed for ESAT-6 is:

molecules (vacuoles) ⇌  molecules (cytoplasm)

View Proteins belonging to: The Pore-forming ESAT-6 Protein (ESAT-6) Family

References associated with 1.C.95 family:

Callahan, B., K. Nguyen, A. Collins, K. Valdes, M. Caplow, D.K. Crossman, A.J. Steyn, L. Eisele, and K.M. Derbyshire. (2010). Conservation of structure and protein-protein interactions mediated by the secreted mycobacterial proteins EsxA, EsxB, and EspA. J. Bacteriol. 192: 326-335. 19854905
Gröschel, M.I., F. Sayes, R. Simeone, L. Majlessi, and R. Brosch. (2016). ESX secretion systems: mycobacterial evolution to counter host immunity. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 14: 677-691. 27665717
Nuñez-Garcia, J., S.H. Downs, J.E. Parry, D.A. Abernethy, J.M. Broughan, A.R. Cameron, A.J. Cook, R. de la Rua-Domenech, A.V. Goodchild, J. Gunn, S.J. More, S. Rhodes, S. Rolfe, M. Sharp, P.A. Upton, H.M. Vordermeier, E. Watson, M. Welsh, A.O. Whelan, J.A. Woolliams, R.S. Clifton-Hadley, and M. Greiner. (2018). Meta-analyses of the sensitivity and specificity of ante-mortem and post-mortem diagnostic tests for bovine tuberculosis in the UK and Ireland. Prev Vet Med 153: 94-107. 28347519
Smith, J., J. Manoranjan, M. Pan, A. Bohsali, J. Xu, J. Liu, K.L. McDonald, A. Szyk, N. LaRonde-LeBlanc, and L.Y. Gao. (2008). Evidence for pore formation in host cell membranes by ESX-1-secreted ESAT-6 and its role in Mycobacterium marinum escape from the vacuole. Infect. Immun. 76: 5478-5487. 18852239