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2.A.1.14.16
The broad specificity brain synaptic vesicle anion transporter, VGLUT-2 (transports glutamate in a Δψ-dependent fashion requiring Cl-, but phosphate by a Na+-dependent mechanism via a different pathway/mechanism (Juge et al., 2006). VGLUT1-3 concentrate glutamate into synaptic vesicles before its exocytotic release. Two distinct roles for Cl- in both allosteric activation and permeation have been proposed (Chang et al. 2018). The 3-D structure has been solved at 3.8 Å resolution revealing mechanisms of substrate recognition and allosteric activation by low pH and Cl-. It shows how the activities of VGLUTs are coordinated by changes in proton and chloride concentration during the synaptic vesicle cycle (Li et al. 2020).

Accession Number:Q9JI12
Protein Name:Vesicular glutamate transporter 2
Length:582
Molecular Weight:64576.00
Species:Rattus norvegicus (Rat) [10116]
Number of TMSs:10
Location1 / Topology2 / Orientation3: Cytoplasmic vesicle1 / Multi-pass membrane protein2
Substrate glutamate(2-)

Cross database links:

RefSeq: NP_445879.1   
Entrez Gene ID: 84487   
Pfam: PF07690   
KEGG: rno:84487   

Gene Ontology

GO:0030054 C:cell junction
GO:0005769 C:early endosome
GO:0016021 C:integral to membrane
GO:0030672 C:synaptic vesicle membrane
GO:0019717 C:synaptosome
GO:0005313 F:L-glutamate transmembrane transporter activity
GO:0015293 F:symporter activity
GO:0001504 P:neurotransmitter uptake
GO:0006814 P:sodium ion transport
GO:0055085 P:transmembrane transport

References (8)

[1] “Molecular cloning of a novel brain-type Na(+)-dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter.”  Aihara Y.et.al.   10820226
[2] “Differentiation-associated Na+-dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter (DNPI) is a vesicular glutamate transporter in endocrine glutamatergic systems.”  Hayashi M.et.al.   11551935
[3] “The existence of a second vesicular glutamate transporter specifies subpopulations of glutamatergic neurons.”  Herzog E.et.al.   11698619
[4] “Identification of differentiation-associated brain-specific phosphate transporter as a second vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT2).”  Takamori S.et.al.   11698620
[5] “The expression of vesicular glutamate transporters defines two classes of excitatory synapse.”  Fremeau R.T. Jr.et.al.   11502256
[6] “Molecular anatomy of a trafficking organelle.”  Takamori S.et.al.   17110340
[7] “Vesicular glutamate transporter contains two independent transport machineries.”  Juge N.et.al.   17046815
[8] “Analysis of a vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT2) supports a cell-leakage mode in addition to vesicular packaging.”  Mackenzie B.et.al.   18080752
Structure:
6V4D     

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Predict TMSs (Predict number of transmembrane segments)
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FASTA formatted sequence 
1:	MESVKQRILA PGKEGIKNFA GKSLGQIYRV LEKKQDNRET IELTEDGKPL EVPEKKAPLC 
61:	DCTCFGLPRR YIIAIMSGLG FCISFGIRCN LGVAIVDMVN NSTIHRGGKV IKEKAKFNWD 
121:	PETVGMIHGS FFWGYIITQI PGGYIASRLA ANRVFGAAIL LTSTLNMLIP SAARVHYGCV 
181:	IFVRILQGLV EGVTYPACHG IWSKWAPPLE RSRLATTSFC GSYAGAVIAM PLAGILVQYT 
241:	GWSSVFYVYG SFGMVWYMFW LLVSYESPAK HPTITDEERR YIEESIGESA NLLGAMEKFK 
301:	TPWRKFFTSM PVYAIIVANF CRSWTFYLLL ISQPAYFEEV FGFEISKVGM LSAVPHLVMT 
361:	IIVPIGGQIA DFLRSKQILS TTTVRKIMNC GGFGMEATLL LVVGYSHTRG VAISFLVLAV 
421:	GFSGFAISGF NVNHLDIAPR YASILMGISN GVGTLSGMVC PIIVGAMTKN KSREEWQYVF 
481:	LIAALVHYGG VIFYALFASG EKQPWADPEE TSEEKCGFIH EDELDEETGD ITQNYINYGT 
541:	TKSYGATSQE NGGWPNGWEK KEEFVQESAQ DAYSYKDRDD YS