2.A.1.19.32
Solute carrier family 22 member 15 (Fly-like putative transporter 1) (Flipt 1). This system is required for hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation and metastasis (Fang et al. 2021). SLC22A15 (FLIPT1) prefers zwitterionic compounds over cations and anions. Eight zwitterions transported include ergothioneine, carnitine, carnosine, gabapentin, as well as four cations including MPP⁺ , thiamine and cimetidine. Carnosine was a specific substrate of SLC22A15 among the transporters in the SLC22A family. SLC22A15 transport was sodium-dependent and exhibited higher Km values for ergothioneine, carnitine, and carnosine compared to previously identified transporters for these ligands (Yee et al. 2020). Many carnitine derivatives (i.e., (R)-3-hydrixybutryl carnitine, hexanoyl carnitine and glutaryl carnitine amoung others) are also transported.  In mice, SLC22a15 transports carnitine derivatives, a range of anti-oxidants, signalling molecules, hormones, neurotransmitters, nutrYee et al. 2020). Many carnitine derivatives (i.e., (R)-3-hydrixybutryl carnitine, hexanoyl carnitine and glutaryl carnitine amoung others) are also transported.  In mice, SLC22a15 transports carnitine derivatives, a range of anti-oxidants, signalling molecules, hormones, neurotransmitters, nutrients and lipid metabolites (P Zhang & S Nigam, personal communication).