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3.A.10.1.1
H+-translocating vacuolar (tonoplast) pyrophosphatase of 770 aas, AVP1. 87% identical to the ortholog in rye (Secale cereale), found in the plasma membrane with 762 aas and 14 TMSs, ScHP1 (Wang et al. 2016). t contributes to the trans-tonoplast (from cytosol to vacuole lumen) H+-electrochemical potential difference and establishes a proton gradient of similar and often greater magnitude than the H+-ATPase in the same membrane (Kim et al. 1994). It also facilitates auxin transport by modulating the apoplastic pH, and it regulates auxin-mediated developmental processes (Li et al. 2005). It confers tolerance to NaCl and to drought by increasing ion retention (Gaxiola et al. 2001). H+-pyrophosphatases are major determinants of plant tolerance to amine fungicides (Hernández et al. 2016). As expected, a pmf can be used via AVP1 to make pyrophosphate (Scholz-Starke et al. 2019).

Accession Number:P31414
Protein Name:AVP3 aka AVP-3 aka AT1G15690 aka F7H2.3
Length:770
Molecular Weight:80820.00
Species:Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) [3702]
Number of TMSs:16
Location1 / Topology2 / Orientation3: Vacuole membrane1 / Multi-pass membrane protein2
Substrate proton

Cross database links:

RefSeq: NP_173021.1   
Entrez Gene ID: 838138   
Pfam: PF03030   

Gene Ontology

GO:0009941 C:chloroplast envelope
GO:0010008 C:endosome membrane
GO:0016021 C:integral to membrane
GO:0005739 C:mitochondrion
GO:0009705 C:plant-type vacuole membrane
GO:0005886 C:plasma membrane
GO:0009678 F:hydrogen-translocating pyrophosphatase acti...
GO:0004427 F:inorganic diphosphatase activity
GO:0009926 P:auxin polar transport
GO:0010248 P:establishment or maintenance of transmembra...
GO:0015992 P:proton transport
GO:0009651 P:response to salt stress
GO:0009414 P:response to water deprivation

References (14)

[1] “Molecular cloning and sequence of cDNA encoding the pyrophosphate-energized vacuolar membrane proton pump of Arabidopsis thaliana.”  Sarafian V.et.al.   1311852
[2] “Pollen-specific regulation of vacuolar H(+)-PPase expression by multiple cis-acting elements.”  Mitsuda N.et.al.   11442058
[3] “Sequence and analysis of chromosome 1 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana.”  Theologis A.et.al.   11130712
[4] “Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis genome.”  Yamada K.et.al.   14593172
[5] “An inventory of 1152 expressed sequence tags obtained by partial sequencing of cDNAs from Arabidopsis thaliana.”  Hoefte H.et.al.   8281187
[6] “Localization of cytosolically oriented maleimide-reactive domain of vacuolar H(+)-pyrophosphatase.”  Zhen R.-G.et.al.   8083239
[7] “Heterologous expression of plant vacuolar pyrophosphatase in yeast demonstrates sufficiency of the substrate-binding subunit for proton transport.”  Kim E.J.et.al.   8016125
[8] “Site-directed mutagenesis of vacuolar H(+)-pyrophosphatase. Necessity of Cys634 for inhibition by maleimides but not catalysis.”  Kim E.J.et.al.   7852329
[9] “Acidic residues necessary for pyrophosphate-energized pumping and inhibition of the vacuolar H(+)-pyrophosphatase by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide.”  Zhen R.-G.et.al.   9268385
[10] “AVP2, a sequence-divergent, K(+)-insensitive H(+)-translocating inorganic pyrophosphatase from Arabidopsis.”  Drozdowicz Y.M.et.al.   10806252
[11] “Drought- and salt-tolerant plants result from overexpression of the AVP1 H(+)-pump.”  Gaxiola R.A.et.al.   11572991
[12] “Arabidopsis CAMTA family proteins enhance V-PPase expression in pollen.”  Mitsuda N.et.al.   14581622
[13] “Isolation of intact vacuoles and proteomic analysis of tonoplast from suspension-cultured cells of Arabidopsis thaliana.”  Shimaoka T.et.al.   15215502
[14] “Arabidopsis H(+)-PPase AVP1 regulates auxin-mediated organ development.”  Li J.et.al.   16210544

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Predict TMSs (Predict number of transmembrane segments)
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FASTA formatted sequence 
1:	MVAPALLPEL WTEILVPICA VIGIAFSLFQ WYVVSRVKLT SDLGASSSGG ANNGKNGYGD 
61:	YLIEEEEGVN DQSVVAKCAE IQTAISEGAT SFLFTEYKYV GVFMIFFAAV IFVFLGSVEG 
121:	FSTDNKPCTY DTTRTCKPAL ATAAFSTIAF VLGAVTSVLS GFLGMKIATY ANARTTLEAR 
181:	KGVGKAFIVA FRSGAVMGFL LAASGLLVLY ITINVFKIYY GDDWEGLFEA ITGYGLGGSS 
241:	MALFGRVGGG IYTKAADVGA DLVGKIERNI PEDDPRNPAV IADNVGDNVG DIAGMGSDLF 
301:	GSYAEASCAA LVVASISSFG INHDFTAMCY PLLISSMGIL VCLITTLFAT DFFEIKLVKE 
361:	IEPALKNQLI ISTVIMTVGI AIVSWVGLPT SFTIFNFGTQ KVVKNWQLFL CVCVGLWAGL 
421:	IIGFVTEYYT SNAYSPVQDV ADSCRTGAAT NVIFGLALGY KSVIIPIFAI AISIFVSFSF 
481:	AAMYGVAVAA LGMLSTIATG LAIDAYGPIS DNAGGIAEMA GMSHRIRERT DALDAAGNTT 
541:	AAIGKGFAIG SAALVSLALF GAFVSRAGIH TVDVLTPKVI IGLLVGAMLP YWFSAMTMKS 
601:	VGSAALKMVE EVRRQFNTIP GLMEGTAKPD YATCVKISTD ASIKEMIPPG CLVMLTPLIV 
661:	GFFFGVETLS GVLAGSLVSG VQIAISASNT GGAWDNAKKY IEAGVSEHAK SLGPKGSEPH 
721:	KAAVIGDTIG DPLKDTSGPS LNILIKLMAV ESLVFAPFFA THGGILFKYF