1.A.89 The Human Coronavirus 229E Viroporin (229E Viroporin) Family 

A locus located between the spike and envelope genes is conserved in all coronaviruses and contains a complete or truncated open reading frame (ORF). Zhang et al. 2013 demonstrated that ORF4a of the human coroavirus 229E is similar to a viroporin, ORF3a, from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). ORF4a forms ion channels and regulates virus release. When ORF4a proteins were expressed in infected cells, they localized to the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) and formed homo-oligomers through disulfide bridges that possessed ion channel activity in both Xenopus oocytes and yeast. Based on the measurement of conductance to different monovalent cations, ORF4a appeared to form a non-selective channel for monovalent cations. Viral production decreased when ORF4a protein expression was suppressed by siRNA in infected cells. Thus, the HCoV-229E ORF4a protein is functionally analogous to the SARS-CoV ORF3a protein which also acts as a viroporin to regulates virus production.


 

References:

Zhang R., Wang K., Lv W., Yu W., Xie S., Xu K., Schwarz W., Xiong S. and Sun B. (2014). The ORF4a protein of human coronavirus 229E functions as a viroporin that regulates viral production. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1838(4):1088-95.

Examples:

TC#NameOrganismal TypeExample
1.A.89.1.1

ORF4a viroporin of 133 aas and 3 TMSs (Zhang et al. 2013).

Virus

ORF4a of human coronavirus 229E

 
1.A.89.1.2

Viroporin of 222 aas and 3 strongly hydrophobic TMSs in the N-terminal half of the protein followed by a region of moderate hydrophobicity in the C-terminal half.

Virus

Viroporin of human coronavirus NL63

 
1.A.89.1.3

Non structural protein 3c, a viroporin of 237 aas with 3 stronly hydrophobic TMSs in the N-terminal half of the protein and a broad region of moderate hydrophobicity in the second half.

Virus

Viroporin 3c of feline coronavirus UUF

 
1.A.89.1.4

Viroporin ORF3-1 of 205 aas and 4 or more TMSs in a 3 + 1-3 TMS arrangement.

Viruses

Orf3-1 viroporin of porcine respiratory coronavirus

 
1.A.89.1.5

3a protein of 152 aas and 3 or 4 TMSs

Protein 3a of Bat coronavirus

 
1.A.89.1.6

ORF3 protein of 228 aas and 3 TMSs.

ORF3 of Chaerephon bat coronavirus/Kenya