1.E.26 The Holin LLH (Holin LLH) Family

The Holin LLH family is found in Firmicutes and phage of Firmicutes as well as other bacteria. Members are fairly large ((100 - 160 aas) and have an N-terminal transmembrane segment.

This family belongs to the Holin VI Superfamily .

References:

Gindreau, E. and A. Lonvaud-Funel. (1999). Molecular analysis of the region encoding the lytic system from Oenococcus oeni temperate bacteriophage phi 10MC. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 171: 231-238.

Guo, T., C. Zhang, W. Liu, S. Wang, and J. Kong. (2015). Functional analysis of the N-terminal region of endolysin Lyb5 encoded by Lactobacillus fermentum bacteriophage φPYB5. Int J Food Microbiol 203: 1-7.

van der Ploeg, J.R. (2007). Genome sequence of Streptococcus mutans bacteriophage M102. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 275: 130-138.

Wang, S., J. Kong, and X. Zhang. (2008). Identification and characterization of the two-component cell lysis cassette encoded by temperate bacteriophage phiPYB5 of Lactobacillus fermentum. J Appl Microbiol 105: 1939-1944.

Yuan, W., Y. Zhang, G. Wang, J. Bai, X. Wang, Y. Li, and P. Jiang. (2016). Genomic and proteomic characterization of SE-I, a temperate bacteriophage infecting Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Arch Virol 161: 3137-3150.

Examples:

TC#

Name

Organismal Type

Example

1.E.26.1.1

Holin (105 aas)

Firmicutes

Holin of Clostridium phytofermentans

1.E.26.1.10

Putative holin of 186 aas

Firmicutes

Putative holin of Paenibacillus polymyxa

1.E.26.1.11

Uncharacterized protein of 172 aas

Firmicutes

UP of Lactobacillus brevis

1.E.26.1.12

Putative holin of 109 aas and 1 TMS

Chloroflexi

Putative holin of Nitrolancea hollandica

1.E.26.1.13

Putative holin of 113 aas and 1 TMS

Firmicutes

Putative holin of Paenibacillus polymyxa

1.E.26.1.2

SE-1 phage holin of 123 aas and 1-3 TMSs (Yuan et al. 2016).

Firmicutes

Holiin of SE-1 phage infecting Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

1.E.26.1.3

Phage holin of the LL0H family (110 aas)

Firmicutes

Holin of Streptococcus pneumoniae

1.E.26.1.4

Putative holin of 1112 aas and 1 TMS

Firmicutes

Putative holin of Caldicellulosiruptor owensensis

1.E.26.1.5

Putative holin of 109 aas and 2 TMSs

Thermotogae

Putative holin of Marinitoga piezophila

1.E.26.1.6

Holin of S. mutans phage M102 (van der Ploeg 2007).

Firmicute viruses

Holin of phage M102

1.E.26.1.7

Putative holin of 109 aas and 1 TMS.

Firmicutes

Putative holin of Caldicellulosiruptor hydrothermalis

1.E.26.1.8

Holin_LLH superfamily member

Firmicutes

holin of Desulfotomaculum gibsoniae

1.E.26.1.9

Putative holin of 112 aas, Gp072

Firmicute virus

Gp072 of Lactococcus phage KSY1

Examples:

TC#

Name

Organismal Type

Example

1.E.26.10.1

Uncharacterized protein of 107 aas

Tenericutes

UP of Acholeplasma laidlawii

Examples:

TC#

Name

Organismal Type

Example

1.E.26.11.1

Putative holin of 140 aas and 1 or 2 TMSs

Thermus

Putative holin of Meiothermus ruber

1.E.26.11.2

Putative holin of 140 aas and 1 TMS

Thermus

Putative holin of Thermus sp. RL

1.E.26.11.3

Holin of Thermus phage P23-77 of 140 aas and 1 TMS

Thermus

Holin of Thermus phage P23-77

Examples:

TC#

Name

Organismal Type

Example

1.E.26.2.1

Holin of Lactobacillus phage LF1

Firmicute viruses

Holin of Lactobacillus phage LF1

1.E.26.2.2

Holin P163 (Gindreau and Lonvaud-Funel 1999).

Firmicute viruses

Holin P163 of Leuconostoc phage 10MC

1.E.26.2.3

Putative holin of 117 aas

Firmicute virus

Putative holin of Lactobacillus phage JCL1032

1.E.26.2.4

Uncharacterized protein of 140 aa

Firmicutes

UP of Lactobacillus acidophilus

1.E.26.2.5

Holin, Hyb50 of 254 aas. This holin causes lysis by itself, but with the lytic enzyme, Lyb50, lysis occurs more rapidly (Wang et al. 2008). Smaller amounts of Lyb50 can reach the periplasm without the holin (Guo et al. 2015).

Lactobacillus virus

Holin of Lactobacillus phage phiPYB5

Examples:

TC#

Name

Organismal Type

Example

1.E.26.3.1

Holin of the LL-H family (105 aas)

Firmicutes

Holin LL-H of Peptoniphilus harei

1.E.26.3.2

Uncharacterized protein of 126 aas and 1 TMS

Firmicutes

UP of Clostridium acetobutylicum

Examples:

TC#

Name

Organismal Type

Example

1.E.26.4.1

Putative holin of 153 aas and 1 TM

Firmicutes

Holin of Lactococcus lactis

Examples:

TC#

Name

Organismal Type

Example

1.E.26.5.1

Putative holin of 118 aas and 1 TMS

Thermus

Putative holin of Thermus phage P74-26

Examples:

TC#

Name

Organismal Type

Example

1.E.26.6.1

Uncharacterized protein of 145 aas and 1 TMS

Firmicutes

UP of Clostridium kluyveri

1.E.26.6.2

Putative holin of 166 aas

Firmicutes

Putative porin of Desulfosporosinus meridiei

1.E.26.6.3

Uncharaccterized protein of 177 aas

Firmicutes

UP of Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum

Examples:

TC#

Name

Organismal Type

Example

1.E.26.7.1

Uncharacterized protein of 96 aas

Firmicutes

UP of Clostridium acidurici

1.E.26.7.2

Putative holin of 162 aas and 1 or 2 TMSs

Fusobacteria

Putative holin of Fusobacterium varium

1.E.26.7.3

Putative holin of 162 aas and 1 or 2 TMSs

Fusobacteria

Putative holin of Fusobacterium ulcerans

1.E.26.7.4

Putative holin of 167 aas and 1 or 2 TMSs

Fusobacteria

Putative holin of Sebaldella termitidis

1.E.26.7.5

Putative holin of 134 aas and 1 TMS

Firmicutes

Putative holin of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii

Examples:

TC#

Name

Organismal Type

Example

1.E.26.8.1

Uncharacterized protein of 172 aas

Firmicutes

UP of Clostridium pasteurianum

Examples:

TC#

Name

Organismal Type

Example

1.E.26.9.1

Holin of 114 aas

Firmicutes

Holin of Lactobacillus johnsonii