Toxin GHoT of 57 aas and 2 TMSs. GhoT is the toxic component of a type V toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. It causes membrane damage when induced by MqsR, slowing cell growth and increasing the formation of dormant persister cells. It is involved with GhoS, its antitoxin, in reducing cell growth during antibacterial stress (Cheng et al. 2014). Overexpression causes cell lysis, forming ghost cells; both effects are neutralized by expression of GhoS. Overexpression in the presence of ampicillin increases persister cell formation (persister cells exhibit antibiotic tolerance without genetic change) (Wang et al. 2012). Overexpression causes about 90-fold reduction in cellular ATP levels and dissipates the membrane potential (Cheng et al. 2014).