1.R.1.1.4
Atad3 of Symbiodinium natans of 870 aas and up to 5 TMSs, about equally spaced throughout the length of the protein.  ATPase family AAA domain containing protein 3, commonly known as ATAD3, is a versatile mitochondrial protein that is involved in a large number of pathways. ATAD3 is a transmembrane protein that spans both the inner mitochondrial membrane and outer mitochondrial membrane. It, therefore, functions as a connecting link between the mitochondrial lumen and the endoplasmic reticulum, facilitating their cross-talk. ATAD3 contains an N-terminal domain which is amphipathic in nature and is inserted into the membranous space of the mitochondria, while the C-terminal domain is present towards the lumen of the mitochondria and contains the ATPase domain. ATAD3 is known to be involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, cholesterol transport, hormone synthesis, apoptosis and several other pathways. It has also been implicated to be involved in cancer and many neurological disorders making it an interesting target for extensive studies. Goel and Kumar 2024 provided an updated comprehensive account of the role of ATAD3 in the mitochondria especially in lipid transport, mitochondrial-endoplasmic reticulum interactions, cancer and inhibition of mitophagy.