TCID | Name | Domain | Kingdom/Phylum | Protein(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
2.A.47.1.1 | Anion transporter of unknown specificity | Archaea |
Euryarchaeota | Anion transporter of Methanospirillum hungatei (Q2FMC1) |
2.A.47.1.2 | Renal sodium:sulfate cotransporter (Ssc, NaSi-1 or Nas1) (also transports tungstate, molybdate, thiosulfate and selenate) (Beck and Markovich 2000; Lee et al 2006; Li and Pajor, 2003; Bergeron et al. 2013). | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | Ssc of Rattus norvegicus |
2.A.47.1.3 | The brush boarder intestinal and renal electrogenic, Na -dependent, low affinity (0.1-4.0mM), dicarboxylate (succinate, fumarate, malate, α-ketoglutarate, oxaloacetate, L- and D-glutamate, and citrate):H cotransporter, NaDC-1 or SDCT1. Functions in acid regulation. An acidic pH stimullates citrate uptake; acid stimulation is mediated by endothelin-1 (ET-1) and its receptor (Liu et al. 2010). | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | NaDC-1 or SDCT1 of Rattus norvegicus (O35055) |
2.A.47.1.4 | The basolateral intestinal and renal electrogenic, Na+-dependent high affinity (2-50µM) dicarboxylate:(Na+)3 cotransporter (NaDC-3) (substrate range similar to that of NDC-1 except that tricarboxylates are transported with very low affinity). Na+:succinate = 3:1. Also transports N-acetyl-L-aspartate, an abundant amino acid in the nervous system (Yodoya et al., 2006). | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | NaDC-3 of Rattus norvegicus |
2.A.47.1.5 | Basolateral Na+: di- and tricarboxylate (succinate cis-aconitate, citrate, etc.) cotransporter, fNaDC-3 | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | fNaDC-3 of Pseudopleuronectes americanus (the winter flounder) |
2.A.47.1.6 | The tonoplast dicarboxylate (malate) transporter, AtDCT (Kovermann et al., 2007). The ortholog (70% identity) in tomatos increases the malate while decreasing the citrate concentrations, influencing flavor (Liu et al. 2017). | Eukaryota |
Viridiplantae, Streptophyta | AttDT of malate:Na+ symporter (and possibly malate:citrate antiporter) of Arabidopsis thaliana |
2.A.47.1.7 | Low affinity dicarboxylate:Na+ symporter, NaDC1 (INDY1) (relative affinities: succinate > fumarate > α-ketoglutarate > malate > lactate > maleate) (Fei et al., 2003). | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Nematoda | NaDC1 of Caenorhabditis elegans |
2.A.47.1.8 | High affinity dicarboxylate:Na+ symporter, NaDC2 (INDY2) (relative affinities: fumarate > malate > α-ketoglutarate > maleate > succinate > lactate) (Fei et al., 2003) | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Nematoda | NaDC2 of Caenorhabditis elegans |
2.A.47.1.9 | Na+-coupled citrate transporter (NaCT) (Km=20 μM) (also may transport dicarboxylates and other tricarboxylates with lower affinity) (Inoue et al., 2002b; Bergeron et al. 2013). Na+:citrate = 3-4:1 (Wada et al., 2006).Targeting longevity gene SLC13A5 provides a novel approach to preventing age-related bone fragility and osteoporosis (Zahn et al. 2023). Novel homozygous variants of SLC13A5 expand the functional heterogeneity of a homogeneous syndrome of early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (Bergeron et al. 2013). Na+:citrate = 3-4:1 (Wada et al., 2006).Targeting longevity gene SLC13A5 provides a novel approach to preventing age-related bone fragility and osteoporosis (Zahn et al. 2023). Novel homozygous variants of SLC13A5 expand the functional heterogeneity of a homogeneous syndrome of early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (Alsemari et al. 2024). | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | SLC13A5 of Homo sapiens |
2.A.47.1.10 | Cation-independent, electroneutral tri- and di-carboxylate transporter with a preference for tricarboxylates, Indy (I'm not dead yet) [When Indy is mutated flies live about twice as long as wild type] (Inoue et al., 2002) | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Arthropoda | Indy of Drosophila melanogaster (Q9VVT2) |
2.A.47.1.11 | The Na+ (or Li+):dicarboxylate (2:1) symporter, SdcS (catalyzes succinate:succinate antiport as well as electroneutral symport in reconstituted proteoliposomes (Hall and Pajor, 2007; Joshi and Pajor, 2009). Transports succinate, malate and fumarate with similar affiinities (7 μM, 8 μM and 15 μM, respectively), but aspartate and α-ketoglutarate with very low affinities (Hall and Pajor 2005; Hall and Pajor 2007). | Bacteria |
Bacillota | SdcS of Staphylococcus aureus (Q2FFH9) |
2.A.47.1.12 | The aerobic dicarboxylate (succinate (Km, 30 μM), fumarate (Km, 79 μM), malate (Km, 360 μM)) transporter, DcsT or DccT. Also transports oxaloacetate with low affinity (Ebbighausen et al. 1991; Teramoto et al., 2008; Youn et al. 2008Youn et al. 2008). | Bacteria |
Actinomycetota | DcsT (DccT) of Corynebacterium glutamicum (A4QAL6) |
2.A.47.1.13 | The Na+-coupled dicarboxylate (succinate; malate; fumarate) transporter, SdcL (transports aspartate, α-ketoglutarate and oxaloacetate with low affinity). Km for succinate, ~6 μM; Km for Na+, 0.9 mM; Na :substrate = 2:1 (Strickler et al., 2009). | Bacteria |
Bacillota | SdcL of Bacillus licheniformis (Q65NC0) |
2.A.47.1.14 | solute carrier family 13 (sodium/sulfate symporters), member 4, NaS2. Transports anions such as sulfate, thiosulfate and selenate (Bergeron et al. 2013). | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | SLC13A4 of Homo sapiens |
2.A.47.1.15 | Solute carrier family 13 member 3, SLC13A3 (Na+/dicarboxylate cotransporter 3; NaDC-3; hNaDC3; SDCT2) (Sodium-dependent high-affinity dicarboxylate transporter 2) of 602 aas with about 16 TMSs in a possible 4 - 7 + 9 or 10 TMS arrangement. (Bergeron et al. 2013; Schlosser et al. 2023). The SLC13A3 gene encodes a plasma membrane-localized Na+/dicarboxylate cotransporter 3 (NaDC3) primarily expressed in the kidney, astrocytes and choroid plexus. In addition to three Na+ ions, it brings four to six carbon dicarboxylates into the cytosol (Hussain et al. 2023). Patients with acute reversible leukoencephalopathy and α-ketoglutarate accumulation (ARLIAK) carry pathogenic mutations in the SLC13A3 gene (Hussain et al. 2023). | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | SLC13A3 of Homo sapiens |
2.A.47.1.16 | Solute carrier family 13 member 1 (Renal and intestinal sodium/sulfate cotransporter) (Na+/sulfate cotransporter) (hNaSi-1). Also transports thiosulfate and selenium. It is inhibited by many di- and tri-valent organic and inorganic anions (Markovich 2013). | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | SLC13A1 of Homo sapiens |
2.A.47.1.17 | Solute carrier family 13 member 2 (Na /di- and tricarboxylate cotransporter 1) (NaDC-1) (Renal sodium/dicarboxylate cotransporter). Transports citrate and other Krebs cycle intermediates across the apical membrane of kidney proximal tubules and small intestinal cells (Pajor and Sun 2010; Bergeron et al. 2013). Transmembrane helices 7 and 11 in NaDC1 contains residues critical for function (Pajor and Sun 2010; Pajor et al. 2011). The mouse ortholog can transport succinate and adipate, but the rabbit transporter transports only succinate. Multiple amino acids in TMSs 8, 9 and 10 contribute to the transport of adipate, and A504 plays an important role while TMSs 3 and 4 function in substrate recognitioin (Oshiro and Pajor 2006; Oshiro et al. 2006). Pajor and Randolph 2005 have provided evidence for large-scale changes in the structure of NaDC-1 during the transport cycle.
| Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | SLC13A2 or NaDC1 of Homo sapiens |
2.A.47.1.18 | Organic acid transporter, SdcF. Transports succinate, malate, fumarate, tartrate and oxaloacetate (A. Pajor, personal communication) | Bacteria |
Bacillota | SdcF of Bacillus licheniformis |
2.A.47.1.19 | Solute carrier family 13, Slc13a1; Sodium/sulfate symporter, member 1, NaS1 of 583 aas and 14 TMSs. Na+-sulfate cotransport is inhibited by thiosulfate, selenate, molybdate and tungstate (Markovich et al. 2008). | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | NaS1 of Danio ririo |
2.A.47.2.1 | Inorganic phosphate transporter, Pho87 of 923 aas and 12 TMSs. Also transports selenite (Lazard et al., 2010). | Eukaryota |
Fungi, Ascomycota | Pho87 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
2.A.47.2.2 | Vacuolar low affinity phosphate transporter, Pho91 (Estrella et al., 2008) with 12 C-terminal TMSs and an N-terminal 360 hydrophilic region. Also transports selenite (Lazard et al., 2010). Pyrophosphate stimulates the phosphate-sodium symporter of Trypanosoma brucei (TC# 2.A.47.2.4) acidocalcisomes and Saccharomyces cerevisiae vacuoles (this protein) (Potapenko et al. 2019). | Eukaryota |
Fungi, Ascomycota | Pho91 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (P27514) |
2.A.47.2.3 | Eukaryota |
Fungi, Ascomycota | Pho90 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (P39535) | |
2.A.47.2.4 | Contractile vacuole phosphate:Na+ symporter of 727 aas and 12 TMSs, Pho91 (Pho90; Pho87). Has an N-terminal SPX domain and a C-terminal anion permease domain. Plays an indirect role in pyrophosphate and oligophosphate synthesis (Jimenez and Docampo 2015). Pyrophosphate stimulates the phosphate-sodium symporter of Trypanosoma brucei acidocalcisomes and Saccharomyces cerevisiae vacuoles (Potapenko et al. 2019). | Eukaryota |
Euglenozoa | Pho91 of Trypanosoma cruzi |
2.A.47.3.1 | 2-oxoglutarate:malate antiporter (SodiTl) | Eukaryota |
Viridiplantae, Streptophyta | SodiTl of Spinacia oleracea |
2.A.47.3.2 | Citrate:succinate antiporter (Pos et al. 1998). Binds and presumably regulates the heterodimeric citrate lyase, CitE/CitF which converts citrate to succinate and acetate (Quentmeier et al. 1987). These proteins form a metabolon which together catalyze citrate fermentation under anaerobic conditions. | Bacteria |
Pseudomonadota | CitT of E. coli (P0AE74) |
2.A.47.3.3 | L-tartrate:succinate antiporter, TtdT (YgjE). (also takes up meso and L-tartrate and succinate; does not transport D-tartrate) (Kim and Unden, 2007). It is induced in the presence of L- or meso tartrate under anaerobic conditions in the presence of TtdR (Kim et al. 2009). | Bacteria |
Pseudomonadota | TtdT (YgjE) of E. coli (P39414) |
2.A.47.3.4 | The pmf-dependent citrate uptake system, Cit1 (Urbany and Neuhaus, 2008) | Bacteria |
Pseudomonadota | Cit1 of Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica (Q6D017) |
2.A.47.3.5 | Putative anion (tri- or di-carboxylic acid) transporter of 477 aas, YbhI. | Bacteria |
Pseudomonadota | YbhI of E. coli |
2.A.47.4.1 | Sulfur-deprivation response protein | Bacteria |
Cyanobacteriota | SdrP of Synechocystis |
2.A.47.4.2 | Antimonite resistance protein (inducible by both arsenite and antimonite). | Archaea |
Euryarchaeota | ArsB of Halobacterium spNRC-1 (AAG20642) |
2.A.47.4.3 | The Na+/sulfate symporter, Slt1 (Pootakham et al., 2010). | Eukaryota |
Viridiplantae, Chlorophyta | Slt1 of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (A8IJF8) |
2.A.47.4.4 | The Na+/sulfate symporter, Slt2 (Pootakham et al., 2010). | Eukaryota |
Viridiplantae, Chlorophyta | Slt2 of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (A8IHV5) |
2.A.47.4.5 | Na+:SO4= symporter | Bacteria |
Bacillota | Na+:So4 symporter of Bacillus halodurans (Q9K7H7) |
2.A.47.4.6 | The oxyanion (molybdate, sulfate, tungstate and vanidate) permease PerO (Gisin et al., 2010). | Bacteria |
Pseudomonadota | PerO of Rhodobacter capsulatus (D5AQ60) |
2.A.47.4.7 | Uncharacterized protein of 426 aas. | Bacteria |
Pseudomonadota | UP of E. coli |
2.A.47.4.8 | Putative uncharacterized permease of 610 aas, YfbS | Bacteria |
Pseudomonadota | YfbS of E. coli |
2.A.47.5.1 | Hypothetical Na+ cotransporter, Orfl | Archaea |
Euryarchaeota | Orfl of Methanococcus jannaschii |
2.A.47.5.2 | Dicarboxylate (succinate, fumarate, malate) transporter, vcINDY. The 3-d structure is known to 3.2 Å resolution with citrate and Na+ bound (Mancusso et al. 2012). INDY may also transport citrate, glutamate and sulfate with low affinity. It can use Na+ or Li+ as the cotransported cation. MtrF (TC# 2.A.68.1.2) and YdaH (TC# 2.A.68.1.4) have been shown to have similar 3-d folds as vcINDY (Vergara-Jaque et al. 2015), confirming the assignment of these two families to the same superfamily (Prakash et al. 2003). Solvent accessibility studies suggested differential substrate effects in a multistep mechanism where Na+ binding drives a conformational change, involving rearrangement of the substrate binding site-associated re-entrant hairpin loops (Sampson et al. 2020). | Bacteria |
Pseudomonadota | INDY of Vibrio cholerae |
2.A.47.5.3 | The Na+-dependent C4-dicarboxylate (fumarate, succinate) uptake transporter, SdcA of 425 aas and 15 TMSs (Rhie et al. 2014). | Bacteria |
Pseudomonadota | SdcA of Actinobacillus succinogene |
2.A.47.6.1 | Putative cation transporter of 370 aas and 11 TMSs. | Archaea |
Euryarchaeota | The putative cation transporter of Methanosarcina mazei (gi 21227352) |
2.A.47.6.2 | DUF1646 protein of 351 aas and 10 TMSs | Archaea |
Thermoproteota | DUF1646 protein of Pyrobaculum neutrophilum (Thermoproteus neutrophilus) |
2.A.47.6.3 | DUF1646 protein of 359 aas and 10 TMSs | Bacteria |
Bacillota | DUF1646 protein of Caldicellulosiruptor obsidiansis |