8.A.43.1.25
Toll-like receptor 1, TLR1, of 786 aas and 2 TMSs. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) comprise a family of transmembrane receptors whose signaling controls cellular processes of cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis, angiogenesis, remodeling, and repair of tissues. Polymorphisms in TLR genes can change the balance between pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines, modulating the risk of infection, chronic inflammation, and cancer (Quirino et al. 2021). TLR1 participates in the innate immune response to microbial agents, specifically recognizing diacylated and triacylated lipopeptides. It cooperates with TLR2 (TC# 8.A.43.1.16) to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipoproteins or lipopeptides (Lancioni et al. 2011), and it forms the activation cluster TLR2:TLR1:CD14 (CD14, TC# 8.A.43.1.17) in response to triacylated lipopeptides. This cluster triggers signaling from the cell surface and subsequently is targeted to the Golgi in a lipid-raft dependent pathway (Triantafilou et al. 2006). Association of TMED2 and TMED7 with TLRs facilitates anterograde transport from the ER to the Golgi (Holm et al. 2023).