2.B.59. The Strapped Calix[4]Pyrrole (SC4P) Family Fluoride can be a substrate of synthetic anion transporters (see TC Families 2.B.57, 2.B.58 and this family). Clarke et al. 2016 reported the direct measurement of fluoride transport across lipid bilayers facilitated by a series of strapped calix[4]pyrroles and showed that these compounds facilitate transport via an electrogenic mechanism (determined using valinomycin and monensin coupled transport assays and an additional osmotic response assay). An HPTS transport assay was used to quantify this electrogenic process and assess the interference of naturally occurring fatty acids with the transport process and Cl^- over H⁺/OH^- transport selectivity (Clarke et al. 2016). A calix[4]pyrrole with a bisurea strap that functions as a receptor and transporter for H₂PO₄^-, relying on the formation of eight hydrogen bonds and efficient encapsulation of the anion has been described (Cataldo et al. 2023). Using a phosphate-sensitive lanthanide probe and ³¹P NMR spectroscopy, they demonstrated that this receptor can transport phosphate into vesicles by H₂PO₄^-/Cl^- antiport, H₂PO₄^- uniport, and Cs⁺/H₂PO₄^-/ symport mechanisms. The structures of strapped calix[4]pyrroles 22–26 (Davis et al. 2020).
This family belongs to the Calix[4]Pyrrole Superfamily.
References:
Cataldo, A., K. Norvaisa, L. Halgreen, S.E. Bodman, K. Bartik, S.J. Butler, and H. Valkenier. (2023). Transmembrane Transport of Inorganic Phosphate by a Strapped Calix[4]pyrrole. J. Am. Chem. Soc. [Epub: Ahead of Print]
Clarke, H.J., E.N. Howe, X. Wu, F. Sommer, M. Yano, M.E. Light, S. Kubik, and P.A. Gale. (2016). Transmembrane Fluoride Transport: Direct Measurement and Selectivity Studies. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 138: 16515-16522.
Davis, J.T., P.A. Gale, and R. Quesada. (2020). Advances in anion transport and supramolecular medicinal chemistry. Chem Soc Rev. [Epub: Ahead of Print]