9.C.19.  The PolyPhenol Uptake (PPU) Family 

Polyphenol-rich lentil hull are a potential source of nutrients for animals. Among the bioaccessible polyphenols, catechin glucoside, kaempferol tetraglucoside, procyanidin dimers and dihydroxybenzoic acid-O-dipentoside were most efficiently transported across the caco-2 membrane, and responsible for promoting intestinal integrity as a result of enhanced expression of tight junction proteins.  When ingested by rats, lentil hull polyphenols underwent extensive I and II phase metabolic reactions in vivo, including hydroxylation, methylation, glucuronidation and sulfation. Thus, lentil hull polyphenols are bioaccessible and bioavailable, and lentil hulls as a by-product can be a valuable ingredient for future functional foods (Guo et al. 2023). The transport proteins have not been identified.

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