3.E.1.6.5
H⁺-pumping bacteriorhodopsin, Brho or ESR (Petrovskaya et al. 2010). Photoelectric potential generation correlates with the ESR structure and proposed mechanism of proton transfer (Siletsky et al. 2016). Proteoliposomes with unidirectional orientation using ESR from Exiguobacterium sibiricum have been prepared. Three ESR hybrids with soluble protein domains (mCherry or thioredoxin at the C-terminus and Caf1M chaperone at the N-terminus) were obtained and characterized (Petrovskaya et al. 2023).