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9.A.14.13.4
G-protein coupled receptor 81, GPR81 or Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCAR1), of 346 aas and 7 TMSs.  It acts as a receptor for L-lactate and mediates its anti-lipolytic effect through a G(i)-protein-mediated pathway (Liu et al. 2009).  Lactate inhibits lipolysis in fat cells through activation of the orphan G-protein-coupled receptor, GPR81.  Lactate is generally associated with hypoxia, inflammation, viral infections, and tumors. It performs complex physiological roles by activating monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) or the G protein-coupled receptor GPR81 across the cell membrane. Lactate exerts immunosuppressive effects by regulating the functions of various immune cells (such as natural killer cells, T cells, dendritic cells, and monocytes) (Liu et al. 2024).

Accession Number:Q9BXC0
Protein Name:Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1
Length:346
Molecular Weight:39295.00
Species:Homo sapiens (Human) [9606]
Number of TMSs:7
Location1 / Topology2 / Orientation3: Cell membrane1 / Multi-pass membrane protein2
Substrate

Cross database links:

Entrez Gene ID: 27198   
Pfam: PF00001   
KEGG: hsa:27198   

Gene Ontology

GO:0016021 C:integral to membrane
GO:0005886 C:plasma membrane
GO:0004930 F:G-protein coupled receptor activity
GO:0032355 P:response to estradiol stimulus

References (7)

[1] “Discovery and mapping of ten novel G protein-coupled receptor genes.”  Lee D.K.et.al.   11574155
[2] “Lactate inhibits lipolysis in fat cells through activation of an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor, GPR81.”  Liu C.et.al.   19047060
[3] “Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.”  Ota T.et.al.   14702039
[4] “Identification of G protein-coupled receptor genes from the human genome sequence.”  Takeda S.et.al.   12044878
[5] “The finished DNA sequence of human chromosome 12.”  Scherer S.E.et.al.   16541075
[6] “The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).”  The MGC Project Teamet.al.   15489334
[7] “International union of basic and clinical pharmacology. LXXXII: nomenclature and classification of hydroxy-carboxylic acid receptors (GPR81, GPR109A, and GPR109B).”  Offermanns S.et.al.   21454438

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Predict TMSs (Predict number of transmembrane segments)
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FASTA formatted sequence 
1:	MYNGSCCRIE GDTISQVMPP LLIVAFVLGA LGNGVALCGF CFHMKTWKPS TVYLFNLAVA 
61:	DFLLMICLPF RTDYYLRRRH WAFGDIPCRV GLFTLAMNRA GSIVFLTVVA ADRYFKVVHP 
121:	HHAVNTISTR VAAGIVCTLW ALVILGTVYL LLENHLCVQE TAVSCESFIM ESANGWHDIM 
181:	FQLEFFMPLG IILFCSFKIV WSLRRRQQLA RQARMKKATR FIMVVAIVFI TCYLPSVSAR 
241:	LYFLWTVPSS ACDPSVHGAL HITLSFTYMN SMLDPLVYYF SSPSFPKFYN KLKICSLKPK 
301:	QPGHSKTQRP EEMPISNLGR RSCISVANSF QSQSDGQWDP HIVEWH