| TCID | Name | Domain | Kingdom/Phylum | Protein(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
8.B.32.1.1 | α-Conotoxin MII of 68 aas and 1 TMS. A number of conopeptides have been developed as analgesics for the treatment of neuropathic pain (Alonso et al. 2003). The 3-d structure has been determined (2AJW_A) (Turner et al. 2009). | Eukaryota |
Metazoa | α-Conotoxin MII of Conus magus (Magus cone) (Magician's cone snail) |
|
8.B.32.1.2 | α-Conαotoxin Qc alphaL-1 of 68 aas and 1 TMS. Alpha-conotoxins act on postsynaptic membranes,
binding to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and thus
inhibiting them. This toxin has 3 cysteine residues in the mature peptide. | Eukaryota |
Metazoa | α-Conαotoxin Qc alphaL-1 of Conus quercinus (Oak cone) |
|
8.B.32.1.3 | α-Conotoxin Ac1.1 of 59 aas and 1 TMS. | Eukaryota |
Metazoa | α-Conotoxin Ac1.1 of Conus achatinus |
|
8.B.32.1.4 | α-Conotoxin LvIA of 37 aas and 1 TMS. This toxin blocks alpha-3-beta-2/CHRNA3-CHRNB2 nAChR with high selectivity (IC50=8.7 nM (on rat) and 17.5 (on human)) (Luo et al. 2014). An alpha 4/7-Conotoxin LvIF from Conus lividus selectively blocks alpha3beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (Guo et al. 2021). The cryoEM structures are available (5XGL).
| Eukaryota |
Metazoa | Alpho-conotoxin of Conus lividus (Livid cone) |
|
8.B.32.1.5 | Alpha-conotoxin of 63 aas and 1 TMS. | Eukaryota |
Metazoa | α-conotoxin of Conus praecellens (Admirable cone) |
|
8.B.32.1.6 | Alpha-conotoxin Pu1.2 of 41 aas and 1 TMS. | Eukaryota |
Metazoa | α-Conotoxin of Conus pulicarius |
|
8.B.32.1.7 | Alpha conotoxin GIC of 40 aas and 1 TMS. This toxin reversibly blocks neuronal nAChRs (alpha-3/beta-2 = alpha-6 or -3/beta-2 or -3 > alpha-3/beta-4 = alpha-4/beta-2) (McIntosh et al. 2002). | Eukaryota |
Metazoa | α-Conotoxin GIC of Conus geographus (Geography cone) (Nubecula geographus) |
|
8.B.32.1.8 | Alpha-conotoxin-like Leo-A1 of 43 aas and 1 TMS. | Eukaryota |
Metazoa | Leo-A1 of Conus leopardus (Leopard cone) |
|
8.B.32.1.9 | Rho-conotoxin of 58 aas. | Eukaryota |
Metazoa | Rho-conotoxin of Conus tulipa (Fish-hunting cone snail) (Tulip cone) |
|
8.B.32.1.10 | Alpha-conotoxin PIVA of 68 aas and 1 N-terminal TMS. This α-conotoxin acts on postsynaptic membranes, binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and inhibiting them. This toxin has higher affinity for the adult subtype (alpha-1/beta-1/gamma/delta subunits) of the receptor than for the fetal subtype (alpha-1/beta-1/epsilon/delta subunits) (Teichert et al. 2006). | Eukaryota |
Metazoa | PIVA of Conus purpurascens (Purple cone) |
|
8.B.32.1.11 | Alpha-conotoxin Lt14.1 of 64 aas and 1 TMS. It is an acetylcholine receptor inhibiting toxin and may impair ion channel function. The protein may be amidated and hydroxylated and possess a disulfide bond (Peng et al. 2006). | Eukaryota |
Metazoa | α-conotoxin of Conus litteratus (Lettered cone) |
|
8.B.32.1.12 | ConotoxinEb14.7 of 74 aas and 1 TMS (Liu et al. 2012). | Eukaryota |
Metazoa | ConotoxinEb14.7 of Conus eburneus |
|
8.B.32.1.13 | Conotoxin BuIA of 60 aas and 2 TMSs, N- and C-terminal. Alpha-conotoxins bind to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and inhibit them (Shiembob et al. 2006). alpha3beta2 nAChR neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are pentamers composed of alpha and beta subunits.
| Eukaryota |
Opisthokonta | Conotoxin BuIA of Conus bullatus (Bubble cone) |
|
8.B.32.2.1 | Kappa-conotoxin Ac4.2 of 41 aas and 1 TMS. Kappa-conotoxins bind and inhibit voltage-gated potassium channels (Rashid et al. 2013). | Eukaryota |
Metazoa | κ-Conotoxin of Conus achatinus |
|
8.B.32.2.2 | Conotoxin Bu26 of 51 aa | Eukaryota |
Metazoa | Conotoxin of Conus bullatus |
|
8.B.32.2.3 | Kappa-conotoxin-like Ac4.3a of 52 aa | Eukaryota |
Metazoa | Kappa-conotoxin-like Ac4.3a of Conus achatinus |
|
8.B.32.2.4 | PeIVB α-conotoxin of 18 aas. This toxin selectively binds to the fetal (alpha-1/beta-1/gamma/delta subunits) mammalian muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and blocks the elicited currents completely and dissociates very slowly from the fetal muscle receptor (Teichert et al. 2006). | Eukaryota |
Metazoa | PeIVB of Conus pergrandis (Grand cone) |
|
8.B.32.2.5 | PIVE conotoxin of 24 aas. This toxin elicits dose-dependent excitatory activity upon injection into fish. Its action is slowly reversible. It does not have effects on the fish potassium channels, TSha1, TSha2 (Kv1 homologs), and Traw (Kv3 homolog) (Teichert et al. 2007). | Eukaryota |
Metazoa | PIVE conotoxin of Conus purpurascens (Purple cone) |