| TCID | Name | Domain | Kingdom/Phylum | Protein(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
8.A.17.1.1 | Sodium channel ß1 (β-1, beta-1) subunit. This subunit can interact with and regulate the activity of the K+ channel, Kv10.1 of the KCNH family (TC# 1.A.1.2.17), as well as of Na+ channels (Kubota et al. 2017). Both beta1 and beta3 subunits regulate channel gating, expression, and pharmacology. Beta1 regulates NaV1.5 by modulating the 4th voltage-sensing domain, DIV-VSD, whereas beta3 alters channel kinetics mainly through the DIII-VSD interaction (Zhu et al. 2017). An SCN1B variant affects both cardiac-type (NaV1.5) and brain-type (NaV1.1) sodium currents and contributes to complex concomitant brain and cardiac disorders (Martinez-Moreno et al. 2020). Mice null for Scn1b, which encodes NaV beta1 and beta1b subunits, have defects in neuronal development and excitability, spontaneous generalized seizures, cardiac arrhythmias, and early mortality. A novel role of NaVβ3 in endothelial function and cell alignment as an actor in shear stress vasculoprotective intracellular pathway through autophagy modulation has been proposed (Réthoré et al. 2025). | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | Navß1 (Navbeta1) of Homo sapiens (Q07699) |
|
8.A.17.1.2 | Sodium channel beta3 (ß3)-subunit (Morgan et al. 2000). It interacts with Na+ channel, Nav1.7 (Kanellopoulos et al. 2018) as well as Nav1.5. Gating control of the cardiac sodium channel Nav1.5 by its beta3-subunit involves distinct roles for a transmembrane glutamic acid and the extracellular domain (Salvage et al. 2019).
| Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | ß3 from Homo sapiens (Q9NY72) |
|
8.A.17.1.3 | CMRF35-like molecule 8 isoform X3 of 285 aas and 2 TMSs, N- and C-terminal. | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | CMRF35-like protein of Tachysurus fulvidraco (yellow catfish) |
|
8.A.17.1.4 | Na+ channel SCN5A (see 1.A.1.10.3) regulatory subunit of 218 aas and 2 TMSs, N- and C-terminal. It is a regulatory subunit of multiple voltage-gated sodium channel complexes that play important roles in excitable membranes in brain, heart and skeletal muscle. It enhances the presence of the pore-forming alpha subunit at the cell surface and modulates channel gating characteristics and the rate of channel inactivation. It modulates the activities of multiple pore-forming alpha subunits, such as SCN1A, SCN2A, SCN3A, SCN4A, SCN5A and SCN10A (the β1 and β1B subunits) may be targets to treat and understand arrhythmias (Williams et al. 2024). A rare noncoding enhancer variant in SCN5A contributes to a high prevalence of Brugada Syndrome (Walsh et al. 2025).
| Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | SCN β1 subunit of Homo sapiens |
|
8.A.17.2.1 | Sodium channel β2 or β1B subunit of 215 aas and 1 or 2 TMSs, a large very hydrophobic TMS at the C-terminus, and possibly a much more hydrophilic TMS at the N-terminus. Distinctive biophysical properties of INa in atrial and ventricular myocytes can be attributed to inhomogeneous expression of NaVβ2 and NaVβ4 subunits, and atrial INa is more sensitive to inhibition by dronedarone (Chen et al. 2016). It is crucial for the assembly, expression, and functional modulation of the heterotrimeric complex of the sodium channel. The subunit beta-2 causes an increase in the plasma membrane surface area and in its folding into microvilli. It interacts with TNR and may play a crucial role in clustering and regulation of activity of sodium channels at nodes of Ranvier (Chen et al. 2016). The voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channel is critical for cardiomyocyte function since it is responsible for action potential initiation and its propagation throughout the cell. It consists of a protein complex made of a pore forming α subunit and associated β subunits, which regulate α subunit function and subcellular localization (Cortada et al. 2024). | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | β2 from Homo sapiens (O60939) |
|
8.A.17.2.2 | Sodium channel β4 subunit. The beta4 cis dimer contributes to the trans homophilic interaction of beta4 in cell-cell adhesion, and may exhibit increased association with the alpha subunit (Shimizu et al. 2017). Thus, the cis dimerization of beta4 probably affects alpha-beta4 complex formation. | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | β4 from Homo sapiens (Q8IWT1) |
|
8.A.17.2.3 | Myelin protein zero-like protein 2 isoform X1 of 241 aas and 2 TMSs, N- and C-terminal. | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | Myelin protein zero-like protein 2 of Perca fluviatilis (European perch) |
|
8.A.17.2.4 | Myelin protein PO. MPZ, of 248 aas and 2 TMSs. PMP22 (1.H.1.2.2) associates with MPZ via their transmembrane domains, and disrupting this interaction causes a loss-of-function phenotype similar to hereditary neuropathy associated with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP) (PMID: 38187781). | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | MPZ of Homo sapiens |
|
8.A.17.3.1 | Immune-type receptor 4 of 280 aas and 2 TMSs. | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | Immune-type receptor 4 of Ictalurus punctatus |
|
8.A.17.3.2 | Uncharacterized protein of 265 aas and 2 or 3 potential TMSs, one near the N-terminus, and one near the C-terminus. The protein shows two internal repeats, involving residues 54 - 110 and 186 - 249. | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | UP of Danionella translucida |
|
8.A.17.3.3 | Uncharacterized protein of 259 aas and 2 TMSs. | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | UP of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (striped catfish) |
|
8.A.17.3.4 | Uncharacterized protein of 330 aas and 1 TMS near the C-terminus. | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | UP of Xiphophorus couchianus (Monterrey platyfish) |
|
8.A.17.3.5 | T cell receptor alpha chain of 258 aas and 2 TMSs, N- and C-terminal. | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | T cell receptor α of Stegastes partitus (bicolor damselfish) |
|
8.A.17.4.1 | Programmed cell death protein 1, PDCD1 or PD1, of 288 aas and one TMS at positions ~170 - 190. It is an inhibitory receptor on antigen activated T-cells that plays a critical role in induction and maintenance of immune tolerance to self (Fife and Pauken 2011) and delivers inhibitory signals upon binding to ligands CD274/PDCD1L1 and CD273/PDCD1LG2 (Fife and Pauken 2011). Following T-cell receptor (TCR) engagement, PDCD1 associates with CD3-TCR in the immunological synapse and directly inhibits T-cell activation. PD-1 is expressed on innate lymphoid-2 (ILC2) cells and plays a role in ani-tumor activities (Jacquelot et al. 2021). Novel O-linked glycosylations in the stalk region of the PD-1 protein have been identified (Tit-Oon et al. 2023). Integration of a PD1-CD28 chimera into TRuC-T cells improves effector function and resistance to exhaustion, and it prolongs persistence (McCarthy et al. 2023).
| Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | PD1 of Homo sapiens |